For a long time, state-owned enterprises have been the immediate reference when discussing the state economic sector. The Politburo’s Resolution 79-NQ/TW affirms that this view is valid but incomplete and emphasizes the need for a broader perspective so that the state sector can fully realize its role in the new stage of development. Resolution 79 on state-sector development, issued on January 1, 2026, continues earlier policies defining this sector’s role while introducing a more comprehensive and modern approach to its growth. The resolution establishes a new framework for the state sector, assigning it a dominant and leading role in the socialist-oriented market economy, while requiring it to operate on an equal legal footing and engage in healthy competition with the domestic private and foreign direct investment (FDI) sectors. Notably, the state sector is no longer defined primarily through state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Instead, it is understood more broadly to encompass assets and resources owned and managed by the State, ranging from public property, infrastructure, the state budget and reserve funds to previously less-discussed domains such as underground and overhead space. This shift does not imply the emergence of new resources; rather, it reflects a more comprehensive recognition of existing ones. As […]