Artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly deployed in Vietnam, from surveillance cameras and automated traffic enforcement, credit scoring, and admissions screening to decision-support systems in healthcare and public administration. In many cases, AI-generated outcomes are not merely advisory but directly create or affect the legal rights and obligations of individuals. Specifically, when an algorithm determines whether you can obtain a loan, secure a job, or face an administrative penalty, do you have the right to say “no”? AI is increasingly playing a direct role in decisions that affect individuals’ rights and interests, while Vietnamese law has yet to provide a clear answer regarding the right to refuse being processed by AI—a right closely tied to the principle of “human-centered” technology governance. When “refusing AI” means being excluded from the system In practice, the absence of mechanisms allowing individuals to refuse or request a review of AI-generated decisions can lead to very concrete consequences. First, in the field of administrative sanctions, automated traffic surveillance camera systems are increasingly used to detect and penalize violations. When a penalty decision is formed primarily based on an algorithm’s identification and analysis, the sanctioned individual has virtually no alternative but to accept the result. In […]