A modern toll collection system not only enhances efficiency but also alleviates financial burdens. Vietnam should adopt this system promptly to prevent overlapping fees and lower transportation costs, thereby fostering sustainable economic growth. Expressway toll collection plays a vital role in transport management, serving as a mechanism to mobilize investment capital, maintain infrastructure, and regulate traffic flow. Lessons from developed countries show that toll systems are designed not merely to generate revenue, but to emphasize efficiency and fairness. In the United States, electronic toll collection (ETC) has been widely implemented, with E‑ZPass serving as a prominent example. This system enables tolls to be collected without requiring vehicles to stop, cutting waiting times by up to 80% and easing congestion at toll plazas. States such as New York and California have fully adopted cashless tolling, integrating dynamic pricing to help regulate traffic flow during peak hours. In Europe, countries such as France and Italy calculate tolls based on distance, using toll gates or satellite positioning systems to determine actual travel length. Germany applies tolls specifically to trucks, with fees determined by vehicle weight and emission levels. This approach not only reduces pollution but also prevents overlapping charges by integrating interconnected systems […]