Government Resolution 120/NQ-CP, issued on November 17, 2017, regarding the Mekong Delta’s sustainable development in the context of climate change, introduced a groundbreaking perspective: saline water should be viewed as a resource, not just a challenge. Over five years after the resolution’s release, particularly during the 2021–2024 period, it is clear that this viewpoint has moved beyond being just theoretical and is now being actively demonstrated through practical economic activities in the Mekong Delta. In line with the guidance of Resolution 120/NQ-CP, the Mekong Delta must develop based on the principle of harmony with nature. In the agricultural sector, the resolution reorders development priorities to focus on three main pillars: aquaculture – other crops – rice (reversing the traditional focus on rice as the top priority). The notion that “saline water is also a resource” has provided a strategic direction for transforming the region’s agricultural economy, utilizing brackish and saline water areas to develop aquaculture and fisheries instead of solely focusing on converting saline areas to freshwater zones for rice farming. We present specific data on economic income from sectors utilizing saline water, comparing them with freshwater-based sectors and analyzing their contribution to the current agricultural economic structure of the […]