In the context of a rapidly developing digital economy, where platforms compete fiercely for users’ time and attention, a notable phenomenon is gradually emerging: the “annoyance economy.” Where seamless and convenient experiences were once considered the gold standard of service, some businesses today are moving in the opposite direction: deliberately designing “pain points” into the user journey. This is not inefficiency, but a purposeful strategy aimed at maximizing profits. The concept of the annoyance economy Conceptually, the annoyance economy can be understood as a business model in which companies introduce certain levels of inconvenience, interruption, or limitation to encourage users to take actions that benefit those companies, such as paying fees, upgrading services, or spending more time on a platform. Unlike traditional strategies that focus on improving product quality, this model directly exploits human psychology: people tend to avoid discomfort and are willing to pay to eliminate it. Thus, “annoyance” here is not a flaw, but an “asset” that is deliberately designed and controlled. From a theoretical perspective, the annoyance economy is closely related to Nudge theory in the field of behavioral economics. Nudge theory refers to the design of “choice architecture” to steer human behavior without coercion. In its […]